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Part B · Short Questions — Absalom and Achitophel: A Poem

John Dryden

7 questions · 🔥 marks repeated ones · ⭐ marks the most important ones ·

Part B · Short Questions7 questions

B1
What is the purpose of Dryden's 'Absalom and Achitophel'?
⭐
🔥 Asked 2 timesNU. 2019NU. 2021

Introduction → Political Aim → Support for the King → Attack on the Whigs → Message of Loyalty → Conclusion

John Dryden wrote Absalom and Achitophel in 1681. It is a political satire in heroic couplets. Dryden tells a Bible story to speak about English politics. He was the poet laureate of King Charles II. He had a clear purpose when he wrote this poem.

(বাংলায়: ড্রাইডেন ১৬৮১ সালে এই রাজনৈতিক ব্যঙ্গকবিতা লেখেন। তিনি বাইবেলের গল্পের মাধ্যমে ইংল্যান্ডের রাজনীতির কথা বলেন।)

1. Political aim

The poem was written in a time of fear. Many people did not want a Catholic king. The Whigs tried to stop James, Duke of York, from becoming king. Dryden wrote to calm the public mind. He wanted people to see that the Whig plan was dangerous for the nation. This was a hard time for the king. Dryden used his pen to help him.

(বাংলায়: তখন মানুষ ক্যাথলিক রাজার ভয়ে ছিল। ড্রাইডেন জনগণকে শান্ত করতে এবং হুইগদের পরিকল্পনা বিপজ্জনক দেখাতে কবিতাটি লেখেন।)

2. Support for the king

Dryden supports King Charles II through the character of David. David is shown as kind, patient and forgiving. He is the king chosen by God. Dryden wants readers to respect and trust him. At the end, David's calm and firm speech shows his true power. Dryden praises the king's mercy again and again. This makes David a model ruler.

(বাংলায়: ড্রাইডেন ডেভিডের চরিত্রে রাজা দ্বিতীয় চার্লসকে সমর্থন করেন। ডেভিড দয়ালু ও ঈশ্বরনির্বাচিত রাজা।)

3. Attack on the Whigs

Dryden attacks the Whig leaders with sharp satire. Achitophel, the Earl of Shaftesbury, is shown as clever, proud and full of ambition. Zimri, the Duke of Buckingham, is mocked as a foolish man of many moods. Dryden makes the king's enemies look dangerous and silly. The satire is not only for fun. It is a weapon to defeat the king's enemies.

(বাংলায়: ড্রাইডেন তীব্র ব্যঙ্গে হুইগ নেতাদের আক্রমণ করেন। অ্যাকিটোফেল উচ্চাকাঙ্ক্ষী এবং জিমরি বোকা ও খামখেয়ালি।)

4. Message of loyalty

The poem also gives a moral lesson. Absalom shows how ambition can ruin a good young man. Dryden warns that rebellion brings trouble and civil war. He reminds people of the horror of the old civil war. He asks them to stay loyal to the king and to the law. Dryden knew that people forget the past easily. So his poem warns them clearly.

(বাংলায়: কবিতাটি নৈতিক শিক্ষাও দেয়। বিদ্রোহ গৃহযুদ্ধ ডেকে আনে, তাই ড্রাইডেন রাজা ও আইনের প্রতি আনুগত্যের কথা বলেন।)

In short, Dryden wrote the poem to defend Charles II and to warn the nation. It supports the king, mocks his enemies and teaches loyalty. Its message was meant for the people of his own time. This is why it is a great political satire.

(বাংলায়: সংক্ষেপে, ড্রাইডেন রাজাকে রক্ষা করতে ও জাতিকে সতর্ক করতে কবিতাটি লেখেন। এটি একটি মহৎ রাজনৈতিক ব্যঙ্গকবিতা।)

🧠 Memory Trick — Remember: "Pigs Seldom Attend Meetings"
PPolitical aimরাজনৈতিক উদ্দেশ্য
SSupport for the kingরাজাকে সমর্থন
AAttack on the Whigsহুইগদের আক্রমণ
MMessage of loyaltyআনুগত্যের বার্তা

1) Repeated question: always mention Charles II, Shaftesbury and the Whigs. 2) Name the characters: David, Absalom, Achitophel, Zimri. 3) Easy term: satire means mocking people's faults to correct them.

Source: NU Guide · nuguidebd.com · #q-4552

Part B · Short Questions6

B2
What is the purpose behind Dryden's writing of 'Absalom and Achitophel'?
NU. 2023
B3
Why was Absalom unwilling / hesitant to revolt against his father?
⭐
🔥 Asked 5 timesNU. 2017NU. 2019NU. 2020NU. 2022NU. 2024
B4
How does Dryden satirize / ridicule the contemporary English people / society in "Absalom and Achitophel"?
⭐
🔥 Asked 2 timesNU. 2017NU. 2022
B5
Write a short note on Popish Plot.
⭐
🔥 Asked 2 timesNU. 2020NU. 2023
B6
Write a short note on Shimei.
NU. 2018
B7
Do you know about the Exclusion Crisis?
NU. 2024